Thirdly, on "Resurs-DK1" Russian scientific equipment "Arina" which is called to provide registration of changes of parameters of the top atmosphere with the purpose of revealing of harbingers of earthquakes is established.
The Compass-2 spacecraft run into trouble immediately after its launch from a Russian submarine on May 26, 2006, and there were few reports about its condition since then. Many observers considered the satellite lost.
However according to sources within the Compass program, communications with the satellite was restored on Nov. 16, 2006, and first data was received on Nov. 25, 2006. Flight controllers then initiated efforts to jump-start the satellite's scientific program.
The Compass-2 is designed with a primary goal of testing a controversial theory about the possibility of predicting earthquakes from space. It is the only Russian-built spacecraft dedicated to science, which is currently operating in orbit.
The aim of the Arina experiment is to perfect techniques for quickly predicting earthquakes from space. This method registers energetic particles in near-Earth space, which appear several hours before a tremor and can be thought of as its short-lived precursors.
After three months of testing, Pamela and Arina have started carrying out regular measurements. Both devices are functioning normally and are expected to stay aloft for not less than three years - long enough to carry out their mission.
During public hearings of a draft national space program for 2007 - 2011, Deputy Director General of the National Space Agency of Ukraine Eduard Kuznetsov said that some projects of the program might be included into the first European space program, which is presently being drafted.
Among the projects he first of all mentioned creating a space Ionosat system for comprehensive study of seismic-ionospheric and solar-Earth connections and their impact on technological and biological processes on the Earth. The program is supposed to start in 2010. Among the program's likely participants were named Poland, Turkey and China.
10月23日：産総研ブックス01 きちんとわかる巨大地震
日時：10月18日（水）午後14時～16時
場所：電気通信大学西２号館801号室（早川研）
講師：(1) Dr. A. Rozhnoi, Dr. M. Solovieva (Inst. Physics of the Earth, Moscow, Rossia)
タイトル：Demeter observation of ionospheric perturbations associated with seismicity.[参考]
(2) Dr. L. Telesca (Inst. of Methodologies for Environmental Analysis, Italy)
タイトル：Mono-and multi-fractality in earthquake-related geophysical signals.[参考]
10月13日：一般向け講演会・パネル討論会「電磁気による地震予知」
The scientific satellite to investigate ionosphere effects connected with seismic activity.
Creation of the satellite is planned by the National space Program for 2003-2007.
Normal earthquakes occur when enough stress builds up on underground faults to rupture them. Something more goes on with a special class of temblors known as reservoir-triggered earthquakes. The pressure of water on the underlying rock can open and thus weaken faults and eventually trigger a rupture. Like all earthquakes, reservoir-triggered quakes have proved nearly impossible to predict.
The launch of an earthquake-monitoring satellite is a key next step to help predict tremors using space technology, a senior space official said yesterday.
"We expect to develop a satellite specially to monitor electromagnetic changes on the Earth's surface by the end of 2010 after technological breakthroughs were made regarding its payload," Luo Ge, deputy chief of the China National Space Administration (CNSA), told China Daily in Beijing.
By closely monitoring electromagnetic disturbances in the ground and in the ionosphere the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of more than 80 kilometres which many scientists believe may herald earthquakes, the experimental satellite is expected to detect precursor signals and make more reliable forecasts, Luo said.
The official, however, stressed that the move represents only one effort to tap the potential to predict imminent earthquakes, adding other measures should be combined with the space technology.
F. T. Freund, A. Takeuchi, B. W. S. Lau, A. Al-Manaseer, C. C. Fu, N. A. Bryant, D. Ouzounov
eEarth Discussions, 1, 97-121, 2006
SRef-ID: 1815-3844/eed/2006-1-97
７月24～27日：Western Pacific Geophysics Meeting
Time variation of the electromagnetic transfer function of the
earth estimated by using wavelet transform
Noriko SUTO, Makoto HARADA, Jun IZUTSU and Toshiyasu NAGAO
７月10～14日：AOGS及びCOSPAR出席報告（宇宙科学振興会）
ここでは強い地磁気擾乱、Forbush decrease とオゾン層との関連、宇宙線と雲との相関関係に関する話が興味を引いた。天文学の分野の宇宙線と気象学、電離圏物理学が徐々に関連つけられつつある。地磁気擾乱前に見られる電離圏電子密度の増加が報告された。これに関しては私たちも気付いていたが結論は出されていない。
11日9:20-40に"Satellite observation of storm time variation in electron density and temperature in the low latitude"と題して私の講演を行った。この研究はすでに公表されており、今回の招待はこれをセッションオーガナイザーのBhattacharyya博士が見たからであろう。これまでの地磁気嵐の電離圏の研究はほとんど電子密度のみを議論しており、電子温度を議論した研究はほとんどない。あっても其の観測値が信用できず電離圏への磁気圏からのエネルギーの定量的な見積もりがなされていない。我々の結果はまだまだ最終目的の定量的見積もりには遠いが少なくとも手法を提案したものとして評価されている。
12日 午後から始まったVertical coupling of thermospheric E region to MLT and
plasmasphere-Magnetosphere Regionsのセッションに13日夕方まで出席した。
この間、惑星科学のセッションでの木星の衛星イオに関する招待講演をきいたり、地震電磁現象の講演をきいたりした。
総じて科学衛星観測の台湾の台頭が目立つがコスパーと比べると魅力的な講演が少ないとの感じをうけた。日本は残念ながら地球周辺の研究成果に新しいものがない。
７月５日：第４回 宇宙ミッションシンポジウム（日本航空宇宙学会）
In particular, the program envisages the launch of the space system Sich-M (in 2007) and Sich-M2 (in 2010 with optic radiometers to observe the Earth and the Ionosat project for creating a space system of monitoring natural and human-caused disasters).
６月17日：International Project Hessdalen Workshop 2006 (CIPH)
CRISTIANO FIDANI, ON ELECTROMAGNETIC PRECURSORS OF EARTHQUAKE MODELS AND INSTRUMENTS
MASSIMO SILVESTRI, EARTHQUAKES AND ANIMALS: FROM FOLK LEGENDS TO SCIENCE, BY MOTOJI IKEYA
FRIEDEMANN T. FREUND, JOHN S. DERR, FRANCE ST-LAURENT, AKIHIRO TAKEUCHI AND BOBBY W.S. LAU, ON THE ROLE OF P-HOLE CHARGE CARRIERS IN THE GENERATION OF PREEARTHQUAKE SIGNALS
６月15日：Resurs-DK launch - June 15 (NasaSpaceFlight)
RESURS-DK1 will be equipped with the Italian PAMELA science instrument designed for studying antimatters: antiprotons, positrons, nuclear and electronic components in primary cosmic radiation, and with the Russian ARINA science instrument designed for recording high-energy electrons and protons, their identification, discrimination of high-energy particle bursts-earthquake forerunners.→
La JAXA (Office of Satellite Applications / Satellite Operation Engineering Dpt, a Tsukuba) a propose une configuration de mission d’interferometrie radar (InSAR) en bande L, sur orbite crepusculaire. Le segment spatial de cette mission baptisee SIDUSS (SAR Interferometry Dual Satellite System) utiliserait 2 satellites identiques, d’une longueur de 10 m avec panneau solaires fixes (la grande coiffe 5S de H-2A, ou celle developpee pour le HTV autorisent l’absence de partie deployable). La mission consisterait en une surveillance des deformations de la croute terrestre (n-18).
Le meme bureau de la JAXA introduit aussi le projet de mission ELMOS (NdR: ce projet a ete propose par la NASDA depuis 1994), pour la cartographie du champ geomagnetique, le suivi de l’environnement electromagnetique, et l’etude des phenomenes electromagnetiques atmospheriques associes aux tremblements de terre (n-19).
日時：２００６年５月３１日（水）午前１１時～１２時
場所：西２号館８０１号
講師：Prof. V. Surkov, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
タイトル：Non-seismic anomalies possibly related to forthcoming earthquake
講演要旨：Non-seismic phenomena occasionally prior to earthquake occurrence are discussed. The main emphasis is on possible causes of such effects as an over-horizon FM signal propagation, abnormal increase of the ground temperature, luminescence phenomena and variation of breakdown voltage and etc. This consideration is rather a hypothesis than theory and is much more modest in scope, aiming at physical intuition rather than detailed anlysis.
Because the Philippines is located within the typhoon belt and the Pacific Ring of Fire which makes it vulnerable to seismic and meteorological hazards, Japanese experts in the country yesterday disclosed that seismic events may be predicted through the Electromagnetic (Em) method.
* 17日19時30分より幕張テクノガーデン・東高層館1401号室において第20回SEMS総会が開催されます。（参加費:1000円(学生500円)）
→インターナショナルセッションで発表のです（通訳あり）
Parrot: The DEMETER satellite observations in relation with the seismic activity
Liu: Pre-earthquake anomaly and seismo-ionospheric disturbance
Empirical evidence of the preearthquake ionospheric anomalies (PEIAs) is reported by statistically investigating the relationship between variations of the plasma frequency at the ionospheric F2 peak foF2 and 184 earthquakes with magnitude M > 5.0 during 1994-1999 in the Taiwan area. The PEIA, defined as the abnormal decrease more than about 25% in the ionospheric foF2 during the afternoon period, 1200-1800 LT, significantly occurs within 5 days before the earthquakes.
メキシコとロシアの研究者が、地殻変動を感知する目的で超小型衛星プロジェクトを立ち上げた。両国の科学者らが合意に至ったと、メキシコ国立自治大学（National Autonomous University of Mexico：UNAM)が発表したもの。
UNAM宇宙科学部長のヨアン・ラモン（Juan Ramon de la Fuente）氏によると、衛星の重量は10kg程度の超小型衛星で、2007年末に打ち上げられる予定。この衛星により、科学者が地震や海底地震といった地殻変動活動を予想できると期待している。衛星は地下の深い場所で発生する微小な電気的及び電磁気的現象の微細な変化を観測する。 このプロジェクトは、2005年1月にUNAMとロシアのモスクワ航空大学（Moscow Aviation Institute）との間で調印された合意内容に基づくものである。UNAMは衛星運用に必要な地上局を建設する。
Where to put the research bucks?
With so many theories to track down, Schwartz said his agency has to pick its shots carefully — considering that the USGS's annual budget for earthquake programs is a relatively modest $50 million, or less than a tenth the cost of a single space shuttle mission.
"When there's such limited money for research on earthquakes, you have to make decisions on where you want to put your buck," he said. "And clearly the community as a whole doesn't want to put its money on short-term prediction."
４月７日：When the Earth Speaks - the Story of Pre-Earthquake Signals (SETI)
ISLAMABAD: Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz has approved setting up of Centre for Earthquake Prediction to develop indigenous capabilities in fields related to seismic and earth sciences and to accurately predict any future earthquakes.
The decision was taken in a meeting in Islamabad presided over by the prime minister.
The proposal, which was made by Dr. Ishfaq, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister was discussed in a meeting, which was attended by Prof. Viladimir Kelis-Borok and Dr. Inessa Vorobieva of International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematic Geophysics, University of California Los Angeles, and senior officials.
It will be a regional centre and will cater to the needs of South Asia, Central Asia and Middle East.
The Prime Minister said the government is working to strengthen indigenous capacity in all fields related to earthquake, natural and man-made disasters.
３月17日：国家航天局副局長羅格一行来我局調研考察（中国地震局）
The Indian research team are using an acoustic meteorological technique called Sonic Detection and Ranging (Sodar) – used to measure wind speeds by firing sound pulses through the air and checking for Doppler frequency shifts.
The patent says examination of Sodar logs show traces of an unexpected infrasonic wave that lasted 4 hours prior to an earthquake that occurred near Bhuj in western India, in January 2001.
３月13日：Measurement of SLHF must for early warning of quakes (Hindustantimes)
This was stated by a noted geophysicist and professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT-K) Dr RP Singh while talking to Hindustan Times. Referring to his studies on ‘Surface Latent Heat Flux and nighttime low frequency anomalies prior to the Tokachi-Oki earthquake,’ he said the significant changes in the earth, ocean, atmosphere and even in the ionosphere were observed prior to this and other quakes.
Signature of seismic activities in the F2 region ionospheric electron temperature
D.K. Sharma, M. Israil, Ramesh Chand, Jagdish Rai, P. Subrahmanyam and S.C. Garg
They used data from ionosphere observations of the world’s earth-based network of ionosphere stations, which excludes seasonal and daily variations in the state of the ionosphere. It transpired that 10-15 hours prior to an earthquake there are irregularities that arise in the ionosphere – spikes of electronic density (up to 50% of the norm) of 1 to 3 kilometres in length that move horizontally at a rate comparable to the speed of sound. 15-17 hours prior to the underground tremor an electronic spike appears in the magnetosphere.
２月10日：Pre-earthquake geomagnetic and ionospheric anomalies（九大地球惑星科学教室談話会）
Taiwan is located in an active part of the Circum-Pacific seismic belt. Due to intense collision between the Philippine Sea and Eurasian plates, Taiwan experienced many disastrous earthquakes in the past. The incessant plate collision means that we will inevitably face earthquake hazards in the future. In fact, the difficulty of earthquake forecast has led to a series debate within the seismological community on predictability of earthquakes. During the longtime debate, it is found that the major question is on whether there are recognizable and reliable earthquake precursors. To find possible answers for the question, a project entitled ‘Research on Seismo-Electromagnetic Precursors of Earthquakes’ granted by Program for Promoting University Academic Excellence (91-N-FA07-7-4) has been carrying out (4/1/2002-3/31/2006) for integrated Search for Taiwan Earthquake Precursor (iSTEP). To observe seismo-electromagnetic anomalies in the lithosphere, atmosphere, and ionosphere, eight networks of magnetometers, electrode arrays, corona probes, FM tuners, Doppler sounding systems, ionosondes (ionospheric radars), GPS receivers, all sky cameras have been constructed and routinely operated. We find that obvious anomalies in geomagnetic total intensity near the two ends of the Chelungpu fault at least one month before the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake, annual rate changes of the geomagnetic total filed tend to be small values about 2 years before large earthquakes, and ranges of the diurnal variations anomalously change 1 month before and during large earthquakes. Meanwhile, we report anomalous fluctuations of atmospheric electric filed as well as significant decreases of ionospheric electron density and total electron content 1-5 days before large earthquakes.
